The Great Pyramid is believed that it is built before 3500 years back, which is located in Al Ahram, Giza Governorate, Egypt.
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the most substantial ancient structure in the world – and the most mysterious.
The Great Pyramid was originally encased in highly polished, smooth white limestone and capped, according to legend, by a perfect pyramid of black stone, probably onyx. Covering an area of 22 acres the white limestone casing was removed by an Arab sultan in AD 1356 in order to build mosques.
It’s 756 feet long on each side, 450 feet high and is composed of 2,300,000 blocks of stone, each averaging 2.5 tons in weight.
The pyramid was constructed over a 20-year period.
It is thought that, at construction, the Great Pyramid was originally 280 Egyptian cubits tall (146.5 meters (480.6 ft)), but its present height is 138.8 meters (455.4 ft).
Each base side was 440 cubits, 230.4 meters (755.9 ft) long.
The mass of the pyramid is estimated at 5.9 million tonnes. The volume, including an internal hillock, is roughly 2,500,000 cubic meters. Based on these estimates, building the pyramid in 20 years would involve installing approximately 800 tonnes of stone every day.
Since it consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks, completing the building in 20 years would involve moving an average of more than 12 of the blocks into place each hour, day and night.
It consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks of stones which most believe to have been transported from nearby quarries.
The largest granite stones in the pyramid, found in the “King’s” chamber, weigh 25 to 80 tonnes and were transported from Aswan, more than 800 km away.
Ancient Egyptians cut stone blocks by hammering into them some wooden wedges, which were then soaked with water. As the water was absorbed, the wedges expanded, causing the rock to crack. Once they were cut, they were carried by boat either up or down the Nile River to the pyramid. It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of limestone, 8,000 tonnes of granite (imported from Aswan), and 500,000 tonnes of mortar were used in the construction of the Great Pyramid.
At completion, the Great Pyramid was surfaced by white “casing stones” – slant-faced, but flat-topped, blocks of highly polished white limestone.
Modern discoveries made at nearby workers’ camps associated with construction at Giza suggest that it was built instead by tens of thousands of skilled workers.
Interiors:
The original entrance to the Great Pyramid is 17 meters (56 ft) vertically above ground level and 7.29 meters (23.9 ft) east of the center line of the pyramid.
At 28.2 meters (93 ft) from the entrance is a square hole in the roof of the Descending Passage.
The Queen’s Chamber is exactly half-way between the north and south faces of the pyramid and measures 5.75 meters (18.9 ft) north to south, 5.23 meters (17.2 ft) east to west, and has a pointed roof with an apex 6.23 meters (20.4 ft) above the floor.
The King Chamber :
The Queen’s Chamber is exactly half-way between the north and south faces of the pyramid and measures 5.75 meters (18.9 ft) north to south, 5.23 meters (17.2 ft) east to west, and has a pointed roof with an apex 6.23 meters (20.4 ft) above the floor.
King Chamber is 10.47 meters (34.4 ft) from east to west and 5.234 meters (17.17 ft) north to south. It has a flat roof 5.974 meters (19.60 ft) above the floor.
The King’s Chamber is entirely faced with granite. Above the roof, which is formed of nine slabs of stone weighing in total about 400 tons, are five compartments known as Relieving Chambers.
The only object in the King’s Chamber is a rectangular granite sarcophagus, one corner of which is broken. The sarcophagus is slightly larger than the Ascending Passage, which indicates that it must have been placed in the Chamber before the roof was put in place.
Today tourists enter the Great Pyramid via the Robbers’ Tunnel, a tunnel created around AD 820 by Caliph al-Ma’mun’s workmen using a battering ram.
The Great Pyramid is surrounded by a complex of several buildings including small pyramids. The Pyramid Temple, which stood on the east side of the pyramid and measured 52.2 meters (171 ft) north to south and 40 meters (130 ft) east to west, has almost entirely disappeared apart from the black basalt paving.
Inspirational Facts:
The pyramid remained the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years.
The unsolved fact is 2,300,000 very heavy blocks were transported to the building site of the pyramid site, which are taken to nearly 300 m height.
It is the only one of the famous “Seven Wonders of the Ancient World” that still stands.
